Paleontologists in Australia have identified a well-preserved fossilized fish species, Ferruaspis brocksi, dating back up to 16 million years to the Miocene Epoch. Found at McGraths Flat in New South Wales, the fossils were encased in goethite, an iron-rich mineral that preserved intricate details, including soft tissue, stomach contents, and coloration patterns.
Revealing an ancient food web
Using high-powered microscopes, researchers analyzed the fish’s stomach and found it primarily fed on phantom midge larvae, insect wings, and a small mollusk. This discovery provides insight into prehistoric food chains, indicating that F. brocksi likely hunted at night. A freshwater mussel attached to one specimen’s tail suggests a link between the fossil site and a nearby river.
Clues about appearance and behavior
The fossil displayed evidence of countershading—a dark back and lighter belly—similar to modern smelts, possibly aiding in predator avoidance.
Two body stripes suggest it may have engaged in shoaling, a social grouping behavior common among fish. Researchers also noted the rare preservation of melanophores, or pigmented cells, revealing its coloration.
A glimpse into miocene ecosystems
The discovery sheds light on Australia’s ancient freshwater ecosystems and suggests that F. brocksi may have spent its entire life in freshwater, unlike most modern relatives. While central New South Wales is now dry, the findings indicate it was once home to lush rainforests.
“This study goes beyond one species,” said researcher Dr. Michael Frese. “It’s part of a larger puzzle we’re solving by studying fossils from this site.”
Source: CNN
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